{"id":1392,"date":"2023-02-17T14:10:17","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T13:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/?page_id=1392"},"modified":"2025-05-14T13:16:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T11:16:53","slug":"aktivity-vzajemneho-uceni-a-hodnoceni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/aktivity-vzajemneho-uceni-a-hodnoceni\/","title":{"rendered":"Aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a hodnocen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a hodnocen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed (peer learning activities \u2013 PLA) a aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed (peer review) umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed mezi odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u011bnuj\u00ed podobn\u00e9mu nebo stejn\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu, ide\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201ePeer\u201c znamen\u00e1 rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm, u aktivit vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed (peer learning activities) spolu tedy komunikuj\u00ed dv\u011b osoby (\u017e\u00e1ci, u\u010ditel\u00e9, odborn\u00edci, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci atd.) na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni. U aktivit vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed (peer review) jde o proces vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, extern\u00ed evaluace, nap\u0159\u00edklad zaveden\u00e9ho procesu, zp\u016fsobu pr\u00e1ce, odborn\u00e9 nebo v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u010di my\u0161lenky, nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi experty.<\/p>

Aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed kladou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na celkovou p\u0159\u00edpravu, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na hodnotnou zp\u011btnou vazbu, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Je proto nezbytn\u00e9, aby se na tento typ aktivity p\u0159ipravila jak hostitelsk\u00e1 organizace, tak ti, kte\u0159\u00ed zp\u011btnou vazbu poskytuj\u00ed. Kritick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtel by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm a kvalifikovan\u00fdm hodnotitelem (peer). P\u0159\u00edprava by m\u011bla za\u010d\u00edt alespo\u0148 t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159edem a ka\u017ed\u00fd by m\u011bl jasn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e1 je jeho role a co si m\u00e1 p\u0159ipravit a prostudovat (zpravidla je pot\u0159eba j\u00edt v\u00edce do hloubky t\u00e9matu \u010di probl\u00e9mu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed<\/strong><\/h5>

M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti hodnocen\u00ed, jako nap\u0159. hodnocen\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho programu \u0161koly, proces v\u00fduky, zapojov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f u\u010den\u00ed, spolupr\u00e1ce se zam\u011bstnavateli, celkov\u00e9 klima \u0161koly, kultura kvality v instituci a dal\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9mata, kter\u00e1 mohou \u0161kolu p\u00e1lit. V\u00fdchodiskem je proto vytvo\u0159en\u00ed sebehodnotic\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy a formulace probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 chce \u0161kola p\u0159ezkoumat a analyzovat s pomoc\u00ed kritick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1tel. N\u00e1sleduje d\u016fkladn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava hodnotic\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti cel\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly zainteresovan\u00fdch akt\u00e9r\u016f (\u017e\u00e1ci, u\u010ditel\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00edci \u0161koly, rodi\u010de, spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9, z\u0159izovatel atd.) na rozhovorech. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vy\u0161kolen\u00ed hodnotitel\u00e9.
Kl\u00ed\u010dovou aktivitou vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed je pak hodnotic\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva a rozhovory se zainteresovan\u00fdmi osobami. Na z\u00e1v\u011br je p\u0159ipravena p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba a pot\u00e9 hodnotitel\u00e9 vypracuj\u00ed hodnotic\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu. Tu mohou hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednkovat, m\u011blo by v\u0161ak doj\u00edt k vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu konsenzu, kter\u00fd je sou\u010dasn\u011b i p\u0159ijet\u00edm hodnotic\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. V posledn\u00ed f\u00e1zi by m\u011blo doj\u00edt k implementaci doporu\u010den\u00ed ze vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed ve form\u011b ak\u010dn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f a n\u00e1vrhu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch aktivit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00fdhody a p\u0159\u00ednosy<\/strong><\/h5>

Jde o velmi efektivn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro hodnocen\u00ed ji\u017e zvolen\u00fdch nebo u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch postup\u016f, p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed, n\u00e1vrh\u016f, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a doporu\u010den\u00ed s\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed z\u00edskat zp\u011btnou vazbu a n\u00e1m\u011bty k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 revizi zp\u016fsobu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9mat \u010di oblast\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi se aktu\u00e1ln\u011b ve sv\u00e9m regionu (\u0161kole nebo instituci) zab\u00fdv\u00e1te. Aktivita se m\u016f\u017ee realizovat jen mezi dv\u011bma \u010di v\u00edce institucemi \u010di zem\u011bmi.<\/p>

Metoda vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako alternativa k\u00a0form\u00e1ln\u00ed extern\u00ed evaluaci, a je proto i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpadnou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat erudovan\u00fd n\u00e1zor, pohled i rady zven\u010d\u00ed, a identifikovat tak slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta a slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky, ale tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit p\u0159\u00edklady dobr\u00e9 praxe a siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky.<\/p>

Peer review je metoda, kter\u00e1 se v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v \u00farovni hodnocen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, instituce a jej\u00ed\u00a0\u010dinnosti nebo produktu. Jedn\u00e1 se o hodnocen\u00ed poskytovan\u00e9 jednou osobou nebo skupinou osob, tzv. peers, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 mate\u0159sk\u00e9 organizaci identickou nebo podobnou roli a vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010dinnost obdobnou jako jejich prot\u011bj\u0161ek v hodnocen\u00e9 organizaci. Peer review je zalo\u017eeno na kolegi\u00e1ln\u00edm (vrstevnick\u00e9m), kritick\u00e9m, av\u0161ak sou\u010dasn\u011b citliv\u00e9m posouzen\u00ed (kritick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtel). Jde o aktivitu dobrovolnou, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee dopl\u0148ovat extern\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed organizace. M\u00e1 formativn\u00ed funkci a zam\u011b\u0159uje se na rozvoj a na podporu trvan\u00e9ho zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality. Tato forma hodnocen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje intenzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu obou stran a m\u00e1 jasn\u011b stanoven\u00e1 pravidla (metodika, manu\u00e1ly \u010di standardy).<\/p>

Metodika zpracovan\u00e1 Sekretari\u00e1tem EQAVET (2. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, 2023): The EQAVET Network\u2019s approach to VET system level Peer Reviews: A Manual\u00a0https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=1536&furtherNews=yes&newsId=10518<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak to funguje v praxi?<\/strong><\/p>

Metoda vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed na Slovensku<\/a><\/blockquote><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed (peer learning activities \u2013 PLA) a aktivity vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed (peer review) umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed mezi odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u011bnuj\u00ed podobn\u00e9mu nebo stejn\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu, ide\u00e1ln\u011b v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_clanky":[],"class_list":["post-1392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1392"}],"version-history":[{"count":79,"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4432,"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions\/4432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1392"},{"taxonomy":"kategorie_clanky","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vzdelavaniaprace.cz\/eqavet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_clanky?post=1392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}